The European Union has launched two “specification proceedings” against Apple under the Digital Markets Act (DMA), focusing on interoperability and compliance with the rules set to ensure fair competition. The DMA targets large tech companies—like Apple, which the EU classifies as a “gatekeeper”—requiring them to allow more openness and fairness in their digital ecosystems. If Apple fails to comply with the DMA’s requirements, it could face fines amounting to 10% of its global annual revenue.

Apple has already faced scrutiny for its App Store practices, with an initial investigation opened by the European Commission back in March 2024. The EU’s preliminary findings suggested Apple had breached the DMA in several areas, especially in terms of how it restricts third-party access to its technologies. Despite Apple’s attempts to amend its policies, the European Commission has continued to push for greater transparency and accessibility, especially concerning interoperability.

One major point of contention revolves around how Apple informs users about switching to alternative technologies on iOS, particularly when those alternatives could replace Apple’s default services. The EU is particularly focused on ensuring Apple doesn’t create unnecessary barriers for users or developers seeking to use rival products.

The EU’s antitrust case involving Apple’s contactless payment system concluded earlier, resulting in Apple making commitments to allow rival wallet developers to integrate more easily with iOS. The Commission could leverage insights from this case to strengthen its enforcement of Apple’s compliance with the DMA. If Apple doesn’t fully align with the EU’s requirements, it risks further legal battles and significant financial penalties.